Estimating the demand analysis of fast food meals Speech or Presentation

Essays on Estimating the demand analysis of fast food meals Speech or Presentation Demand Estimation: Combination Meals due Demand Estimation: Combination Meals Question a The quantity of combination 1 meals demanded per week depends on the meal’s price and advertising expense. Therefore the model can be specified as: Where Q is the quantity of combination 1 meals consumed from the two hotels per week P is the price of combination 1 meals A is the advertising expense ÃŽ ±,ÃŽ ²1,ÃŽ ²2 are estimators and ÃŽ µ is the error term. Using the data in table 1, the regression results using excel software are as shown on the table below. Therefore, the model is estimated as Question b The OLS method is suitable for this analysis. Note that, there are two independent variables; P and A which are strictly exogenous. Although the price of the meals is influenced by the prices of competitors, data for competitor’s prices isn’t provided and thus price is taken as given. Secondly, the independent variables are not correlated (Cov (P, A) =0 and Cov (P,ÃŽ µ) = Cov(A, ÃŽ µ)=0). Generally, the model is in line with all other OLS assumptions. Question c From the regression analysis, the model was estimated as Question d Where ÃŽ ± = 100626, implying that holding price and advertising costs constant, 100626 meals will be consumed weekly. The intercept has p-vale of 3.42*10-6 which is less than 0.05, and hence the estimator is statistically significant to the model at 95% confidence ÃŽ ²1= -16392.7, hence holding advertising cost constant, a reduction in price by a unit increases quantity of meals demanded by 16392.7 and vice versa. The negative sign implies a reverse impact. The coefficient is statistically significant to the model (p-value = 0.0023 Ë‚0.05). ÃŽ ²2 = 1.576 with a p-value of 0.011, means that ceteris paribus, a unit change in advertising costs changes the number of meals consumed by 1.576 in the same direction. The coefficient is statistically significant at a confidence level of 95% but not statistically significant at a confidence level of 99% (0.01 Ë‚ 0.011Ë‚0.05) The significant F is not very small (= 0.000551) implying that the model was correctly specified in that ÃŽ ²1≠ ÃŽ ²2≠  0 (at least one of the coefficient is statistically different from zero. R squared measures the goodness of fit. From the analysis R2 = 0.2638, which implies that the explanatory variables used only accounts for 26.38% of the changes that Q (dependent variable incurs. This value is too low since a greater percentage of change in q (73.62%) is explained by variables not included in the model, hence terming the model unfit. Moreover, when adjusted for degrees of freedom, P and A account for 23.37% of all changes of Q (adjusted R2 =0.2337) Question e In theory, demand is affected by several other factors in addition to price and advertising expenses. Therefore, the model would be improved by increasing the number of exogenous variables. Question f Using and the mean values i.e p = 3.5067 and A = 10008.94 Then Q = 100626 - 16392.7 *3.5067 + 1.576 *10008.94 = 58915.80835 The price elasticity is given by Using the mean values = - 0.9757 Therefore, a unit percent change in price results to 0.9757% change in quantity demanded in the reverse direction. Note that the percentage change in quantity demand is less than proportionate. Therefore since demand is relatively inelastic, the company can consider increasing prices so as to increase total revenues. The advertising elasticity of demand can be obtained as; = 0.26774 A 1% change in advertising cost results to a 0.26% change in number of meals consumed weekly. Notably, demand is relatively inelastic to advertising costs hence the company should minimize their advertising expenses and focus on other strategies that significantly impact on quantity demanded. Question g Given p = 4.15 and A = 18,000 Using Q = 100626 - 16392.7 *4.15+ 1.576 *18,000 = 32624.663 Question h Given Q = and A = 18,000 And = = $6.14 Bibliography Dwivedi, D. and Dwivedi, D. (2009). Essentials of business economics. Noida, U.P: Vikas Pub. House Pvt. Ltd.

Personal Statement. The programme of Translation and Interpretation Free Essays

Some people consider translation as a kind of jobs only but for me, it is a meaningful form of cultural communication. Therefore, I would like to apply to your university for the programme of Translation and Interpretation in order to make my dream comes true. Having majored in Translation and Interpretation as an undergraduate, it brings me new perspectives about translation that it not only translates from one language to another, but also the culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Statement. The programme of Translation and Interpretation or any similar topic only for you Order Now This makes translation a real challenge. Nevertheless, I dare to embrace challenges and I find fulfillment after completing various translation assignments. Also, I have a passion for it. However, my skills in translation and interpretation are far from good. Therefore, I would love to further my knowledge of language and develop skills in translation through this programme, and I could take my enthusiasm and turn it into my further study. On the other hand, when compare with other colleges, your college is not only focus on practical skills but also theories of translation. I think this is better as theories help us to identify translation problems and justify strategies in order to have better translations. Therefore, I would like to apply to your college for this programme instead of others. Since I am studying Higher Diploma in Translation and Interpretation, I have learnt some basic techniques and theories of how to translate. Besides, I practice all these skills and theories by applying them into assignments and projects. As a result, I will be more able to master this subject than others. Learning new languages is one of my interests . I learnt Japanese and Korean when I was in form three. Now, I am taking a course for learning Spanish and I think these are relevant to this programme. Just like liver Wendell Holmes has said â€Å"Language is the blood of the soul into which thoughts run and out of which they grow†. As language provides an insight into all aspects of a countries culture and this is what translation is about, the ability to speak in different languages helps me to study this programme in a more effective way than others. By undertaking this programme, I expect to see myself become a well-trained specialist in this field as my future career, who can make many meaningful contributions to translation and interpretation. Therefore, I have much appreciated being able to achieve my goal by getting into your college for studying this programme. How to cite Personal Statement. The programme of Translation and Interpretation, Essay examples

Tourism as a Force for Peace - Free Sample

Question: Discuss about theTourism as a Force for Peace. Answer: Introduction The tourism industry is among the fastest growing industries in the world (Kester 2014). According to Horner and Swarbrooke (2016, p 32), tourism involves travelling for pleasure to places outside an individuals usual environment. Tourism can either be domestic or international. Tourism is an essential life activity because it directly affects the economic, social, cultural and educational sectors. A majority of countries depend on tourism as one of the core sources of foreign exchange and income. However, tourism can be used for a greater good of humanity like promoting peace in the world (Kester 2014). In the argument of Barash and Webel (2013) peace is a term used to refer to the situations where there is no violence or conflicts. Tourism can be used to reduce the root causes of conflicts in situations likely to degenerate into conflicts and violence (Pernecky 2013). This essay critically analyses the potential of tourism as a force for peace. Discussion The prominence of tourism has contributed to the recent interest by scholars and other professionals in tourism as a potential for peacemaking (Miller, Rojek Urry 2014). Tourism involves bringing people together, embracing the connectedness of all things and people as well as learning about each other. Tourism plays a vital role in bringing the hosts and the guest together to learn about peace by appreciating and understanding diverse cultural values and beliefs and through connection with the natural word like wildlife, oceans, mountains and the waterfalls (Pizam 2006). According to Miller, et al., (2014) people who have interacted with different people of different background and cultures are more tolerable than people who have not interacted a lot. However, there is an argument that tourism is a beneficiary of peace and not a generator of peace. The assumption is based on the argument that tourism cannot exist without peace. Though true, the role of tourism in creating a peaceful co-existence between people of different nations cannot be underestimated (Pratt Liu 2016). In the argument of Hall, Timothy Duval (2004), tourism has the ability to drive peace, understanding and security. According to research, countries with a sustainable and more open tourism sector are more likely to experience high levels of positive peace (Hall, et al 2004). As such, tourism plays an important role in fostering peace and reconciliation among people and nations. For example, tourism contributed to the changes in the political relationship between China and the USA (Fan 2005). D'Amore (2008) argues that tourism is a major contributor to building trust and goodwill among people. The understanding of cultural beliefs helps change the attitudes and create a peaceful co-existence. The role of tourism in building peace is enhanced through its contribution to cultural preservation, environmental conservation and poverty alleviation. Tourism also acts as a crucial tool in reconciliation efforts after the war. In post-conflict societies, capacity building and training, community empowerment and engagement as well as private-public partnerships are some of the important factors in promoting a culture of peace through tourism. The proponents of peace tourism argue that it helps maintain peaceful co-existence among people of different culture, race, religion and nationalities. It also suppresses the tension that may exist between different people and nations. Tourism promotes global peace in the following ways; Promote National Integration According to Birch (2009, p. 23), National integration is the process of unifying people from the various background into one people. Conflicts within a country are likely to be motivated by the social differences. For example, the process of national integration can create a feeling of oneness between Muslims and the Christians as well as other religion or to reduce wars and conflicts between communities. In the argument of Prayag and Das (2016) tourism is not just an industry that earns revenue for the government but also it is used to promote national integration. Birch (2009) argues that tourism can be used to reduce animosity among religions by unifying people of different religions. For example, tourism can be used to bring Muslims and Christians together. Therefore, it is a strong weapon which if effectively used can enhance national understanding and help promote national integration. Creation of Employment Opportunities According to Webster and Ivanov (2013) being engaged in a productive engagement is one of the factors contributing to a happy life. Webster and Ivanov (2013) argue that a job defines an individual position in the society. The lack of employment opportunities can have dire consequences on society like depression; and if not addressed it can result in conflicts and violence in the society. For example, the terrorist usually target unemployed youths to recruitment into terrorism. Lack of employment especially among the youth is a major threat to peace in any country and even globally. Tourism creates employment opportunities in an economy, thus, reducing the threats of unemployment (Vanhove 2011). According to Leiper (2015) in Australia, tourism has directly employed more than 150, 000 people. It is likely that werent it for tourism all these people would be unemployed and would be forced to engage in criminal activities like stealing and terrorism. It has also created business opportunities for thousands of people worldwide. In the absence of tourism, a lot of people would be unemployed. Increase in the unemployment levels is likely to contribute to increased criminal activities. Tourism engages people in meaningful activities and helps reduce the criminal activities and conflicts associated with unemployment. Opportunity to Learn Cultural Differences Robinson and Boniface (2009) argue that most of the cultural conflicts are as a result of lack of understanding of the other people culture and beliefs. Cultural conflicts occur when people consider the traditions and beliefs of another cultural group as a challenge to their traditions and beliefs. Providing an opportunity for people to learn and understand other peoples culture and beliefs could potentially ease cultural conflicts. For example, the cultural conflict between the Jews, Christians and the Muslims is largely fuelled by ignorance of others cultural values and beliefs. Cultural tourism offers an opportunity to learn and appreciate the cultural practices of others. Learning the cultural practises and beliefs of others helps overcome cultural ignorance that lead to conflicts (Robinson Boniface 2009). As such, tourism provides an opportunity to learn new cultures and beliefs which as a result eases cultural conflicts. Promote Social Equality According to Peters (2004), one of the factors contributing to war and conflicts especially in the developing countries is the unequal distribution of wealth. Developing countries have a high risk of civil war than the developed countries. For example, a country with a $ 250 GDP per capita has a 15% chance of being involved in a civil war (Peters 2004). Peters (2004) further argues that the high risk of civil war in the developing countries is as a result of inequality distribution of resources, especially in the rural areas. The rural areas are less developed and characterised with high poverty levels. The unequal distribution of wealth creates tension which if not addressed is likely to lead to war or conflicts in a country. Peters (2004) claim that tourism promotes the process of wealth distribution, and capital formation, and provides an opportunity for infrastructure development in the rural areas. The infrastructure developments result in increased employment opportunities for the local people. Social inequalities if not checked can easily degenerate into conflicts. As such, it is important to promote social equality as a means to reducing internal fighting especially in the developing countries. Tourism is a significant factor in ensuring social equality and in uplifting the living conditions of rural people which reduce structural violence. Economic Growth Globally, Tourism is a major driver of economic development in most countries and it has contributed to 9.8% of the global GDP and created 10% of jobs in the global economy in the year 2014 (Lew 2015). Lew (2015) claims that over the years, tourism has notably continued to grow, thus, contributing to a significant portion of the global economic development. According to Peters (2004) studies show a close relationship between violent conflicts and economy. Conflicts occur as a result of an economic factor like poverty, which forces society to go into a conflict. Economic growth reduces the poverty levels in a country and is associated with low level of conflicts. Tourism being one of the factors contributing significantly to economic development acts as an agent to prevent conflict. In many countries, it has significantly contributed to the economic development. Economic development reduces the chances of war and conflicts likely to occur due to under development. Promotion of Cultural Exchange Newman (2009, p. 123) argue that one of the root causes of war and also conflicts is the cultural barriers among different communities and people. Breaking the cultural barrier can help promote peaceful co-existence among different communities. According to Ap and Var (2010), tourism encourages cultural exchange and break the cultural barrier that may exist between nations and people. Through cultural exchange people and nations appreciate the cultural practices of others. Over the centuries, international interactions have experienced many changes. The best bridge between different cultures is the cultural exchange. The Cultural Exchange provides an opportunity for people to better understand different cultures as well as the desires and motivations of various cultures. Tourism enables people to visit different places and learn new cultures. As a result, it promotes mutually beneficial relations and interactions between people of different nations and cultures. Promote Diplomacy According to McDonald and Bendahmane (2007), Diplomacy has an important role in avoiding war between nations. Poor Diplomatic relationship increase tension and can generate war and also conflicts among countries and people. McDonald and Bendahmane (2007) further argue that diplomacy helps in creating a culture of peace between countries. Tourism enhances diplomacy by improving citizen to-government, government-to-government, and citizen-to-citizen relationships (Fan 2005). Fan (2005) further argues that these types of relationship help supplement the high-level government diplomacy. As a result, tourism contributes to the improvement of relationships internationally at all levels. Improving relationships between different people and different nations is important in ensuring peaceful co-existence among people and nations. The Concept of Peace Tourism According to Miller, et al., (2014) the recent interest in tourism as a means of promoting peace and combating conflicts has led to the development of Peace tourism concept. The concept of peace tourism is intended to reduce the causes of conflicts and create solutions to the violence perceived situations (Blanchard Higgins-Desbiolles 2013). Blanchard Higgins-Desbiolles (2013) argue that the aim of the peace tourism is to create positive peace and sustainable development through the tourism industry. One of the advantages of peace tourism is that it can be used to prevent structural violence, mostly associated with prolonged conflicts. As such, it is relevant in the structural prevention of conflicts rather than direct conflicts. The structural prevention of conflict relates to establishing measures that prevent the worsening or development of the causes of conflicts. It is important to note that, tourism is a different form of conflict prevention, unlike direct prevention which in volves arbitration, mediation and negotiations. Tourism being a structural prevention method is synonymous with building lasting peace solutions that address the cultural, social and economic factors. If these factors are not addressed, they have the potential of causing conflicts and violence in the long run. Ensuring proper management of the tourism projects contribute to the peaceful co-existence by reducing the structural causes of violence (Litvin 2008). Addressing the structural causes of conflicts can help in promoting peace. According to Litvin (2008) the tourism peace theory provides insight on how tourism helps in suppressing conflicts. The tourism peace model emphasises on the benefits of sustainable and cooperative economic, cultural and political policies with the objective of eliminating cultural, structural and direct violence. Peace tourism emphasises more on the importance of positive peace rather than just eliminating direct violence. The concept of peace tourism has helped cross the regional, race and ethnic boundaries, thus, fostering global peace. Conclusion The world is continuously faced with the threat of conflicts and war. For this reason, appropriate measures must be put in place with the aim of reducing the causes of conflicts and violence. Addressing the root causes of the conflicts is the best long term strategy of overcoming the threat of war and conflicts facing the world. Tourism is one of the strategies increasingly gaining recognition as a means of addressing the root causes of conflicts and violence in the world. The proponents of peace tourism argue that tourism can be used to address the social, economic and environmental factors likely to ignite conflicts and violence. One of the benefits of tourism is its ability to unite people of different background and to create a feeling of oneness. Though, peace tourism is a relatively new concept it is a power weapon in promoting global peace. Peace emphasises on the benefits of sustainable and cooperative economic, cultural and political policies with the objective of eliminatin g cultural, structural and direct violence. Reference List Ap, J. Var, T. (2010). Does tourism promote world peace?. Tourism Management, 11(3), pp.267-273. Barash, D.P. Webel, C.P. (2013). Peace and conflict studies. SAGE Publications, Incorporated. Birch, A.H. (2009). Nationalism and national integration. Psychology Press. Blanchard, L.A. Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2013). Peace through tourism: Promoting human security through international citizenship (Vol. 39). Routledge. D'Amore, L.J. (2008). TourismA vital force for peace. Tourism Management, 9(2), pp.151-154. Fan, S.P. (2005). A policy analysis on China's tourism-based diplomacy: A case study of outbound tourism developments. Mainland China Studies, 48(2), p.61 Hall, C.M., Timothy, D.J. Duval, D.T. (2004). Security and tourism: towards a new understanding?. Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing, 15(2-3), pp.1-18. Horner, S. Swarbrooke, J. (2016). Consumer behaviour in tourism. Routledge. Kester, J.G. (2014). 2013 International Tourism Results and Prospects for 2014. UNWTO News. Leiper, N. (2015). A conceptual analysis of tourism-supported employment which reduces the incidence of exaggerated, misleading statistics about jobs. Tourism Management, 20(5), pp.605-613. Lew, A.A., (2015). Tourism's role in the global economy. Tourism Geographies, 13(1), pp.148-151. Litvin, S.W., (2008). Tourism: The world's peace industry?. Journal of Travel Research, 37(1), pp.63-66. McDonald, J.W. Bendahmane, D.B. eds. (2007). Conflict resolution: Track two diplomacy. Foreign Service Institute, US Dept. of State. Miller, H., Rojek, C. Urry, J. (2014). Tourism and Peacean Emerging Field of Action and Research. and Peace, p.17. Newman, J.S. (2009). Understanding international conflicts. Longman. Pernecky, T. (2013). Re-examining the ability of mass tourism to promote peace. CAUTHE 2013: Tourism and Global Change: On the Edge of Something Big, p.604. Peters, P.E. (2004). Inequality and social conflict over land in Africa. Journal of Agrarian Change, 4(3), pp.269-314. Pizam, A. (2006). Does tourism promote peace and understanding between unfriendly nations. Tourism, crime and international security issues, pp.203-213. Pratt, S. Liu, A. (2016). Does tourism really lead to peace? A global view. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18(1), pp.82-90. Prayag, G. Das, S. (2016). Tourism in India. The Routledge Handbook of Tourism in Asia. Robinson, M. Boniface, P. (2009). Tourism and cultural conflicts. CAB International. Vanhove, N. (2011). Tourism and employment. International Journal of Tourism Management, 2(3), pp.162-175. Webster, C. Ivanov, S.H. (2013). Tourism as a force for political stability. The International Handbook on Tourism and Peace(Forthcoming).

The Management and Governance Structure of International Business

Introduction This research paper is a close examination of the international business. It has tacked the management and governance structure found in international business and how each relates to the success of the international business.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Management and Governance Structure of International Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Those structures usually depend upon many factors when it comes to consideration of diversification of goods and services. They also (structure) dictate the kind of branding a business puts into the businesses across the globe. Still those structures have their strength and weakness which has been tackled as advantages and disadvantages. International Business International business is the business which describes all the transactions which are commercial in nature between the countries or regions. These transactions may include sales investment log istics and purchases. Many governments do engage themselves in international business as a collective decision or political reason which has been reached by the government officials. The government may sell the product or service in exchange of money for the purpose of completing the commercial activities. Private company can also get involved in international business but unlike the government their main role is to get profit, private company may invest in goods and services across the boarder in form of economic resources e.g. capital. Import is simply moving of good and services among nations. Exporting is regarded as moving of goods and services to other nations. Matrix structure This structure considers the complexity of business most likely the geography the functionability of the business and the technology. Matrix structure deals with internal complexity in the business as well as external complexities this is done by reflecting those external complexities by analyzing the s tructure of the business internally. This structure realizes and considers the importance of geography functional grouping of the customer product and technology. When using matrix structure it’s more emphasize on the clarity which yield more flexibility. Matrix cannot solve the complexities in business but working together of the people in the organization dictates the success or failure of the business. Global market structure According to Zinzaro (2010), this structure reflects the global philosophy which states that world is just one homogeneous market. The philosophy sees the world as a monolithic market with tastes and preferences which are similar. In Global structure it assumes that the national tastes and preferences are not different hence standardized products are put into consideration hence the structural process are integrated so that the coordination of activities are the same worldwide i.e. production marketing and planning.Advertising Looking for essay o n business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Decision making comes from the corporate headquarters and directed to the parts of the business. Hence decisions are centralized and for this matter the importance ones. For example they are decisions which are made at corporate level and not subsidiary level. These are the issues of research, product range and branding. In some instances they are some services which should be closer to the customer but their policies still are set at corporate level. Global structure does not consider geographical aspects but focuses on products and markets and how to globally implement success of products and markets. Domestic structure This is usually fragmented into some trends. Some are talked in this research. Horizontal corporation This is directed to eliminating vertical hierarchy and it bases its structure on process instead of functions the management is usually delegated to the tea ms which has been formed in the regions (Zinzaro, 2010). It usually assists in the close contacts to the customers. Those teams do perform their tasks independently and makes sure that they include all the skills to accomplish their tasks. Dynamic Networks This is usually based on outsourcing where the hierarchy which is vertical is replaced by controls of the market as the core activities are kept by the organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Management and Governance Structure of International Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Dynamic network has got low administrative overhead and very flexible in resources allocation. It has got some of weakness which sometimes makes it impossible to define the organization and its employees do not have loyalty. Factors to consider when choosing appropriate structure for international business Governance When it comes to governance the structure to be considered should be taken into account because some business are governed by boards while some structures may require some legal restriction which requires the business to have another entity board for the diversification factors or to manage the international business. Corporate veil International business usually because of their size do separate the corporation from its owners hence owns liability is limited to the investment made by the new entity its like starting another company standing on its own so when deciding to look for the structure consideration must be into consideration. Administrative costs There is additional cost which comes hand in hand when a business has been diversified for example business taxes record keeping. Sometimes they are ventured if the international business is operating globally and from a centralized position. This factor should be considered on which structure to adapt. Capitalization Start up funds is taken into account when an interna tional business wants to be diversified. Hence some structure like matrix structure will need a lot of funds because of its decentralized nature it also requires funds to cater for numbers of manages involved (Zinzaro, 2010). So it’s the decision of the business owners to lay out plan considering the cost involved in various structures and hence adopting the promising and profitable structure. Advantages of global market structure This can enable the international business to introduce the product by using a very powerful tool called advertisement due to present of global advertising tool like internet its possible for Global market structure to do the There is presence of economy of scale due to the fact that individual needs and preferences are universal those markets produces good and services in large quantity hence the cost is reduced considerable consequently enjoying economies of scale. There is informing in practices like marketing because this structure ensures that all individual are similar hence the information required should be directed as if it was going to a single person. When it comes to branding it is consistent in the source that all the practices of branding has been centralized and all the decision comes from a single source but directed worldwide. Disadvantages of global market structure Global market structure sometimes its ‘philosophy’ doesn’t work at all instances because customers need and usage of produces is not always universal sometimes its different according to many factoring such as geographical factors cultural and many more. Sometimes customer from one region may not respond to the products as the same way others may respond. In international business the issue of competition usually occurs we find that some areas are more competitive than others in the brand and product development hence in Global structure this issue may not be put into consideration due to its philosophy. In some regions away from home market there are some administrative procedures which might be different from the one from home markets this may affect the international businesses because of trying to adapt to those procedures which might Jeopardize the success of the business. In some regions there is complexity difference when it comes to legal processes some are harsh than others for example in some regions operations of those business may be limited to a number of homes while others may be operating in 24hours system this may also be as a result of security issues environment and crime rates (Joshi, 2009). Advantages of matrix structure Matrix structure by its ability to consider the geographical set up is able to improve the access of resources across the geographical set up. This usually enhances the Organizations using matrix structure usually have better coordination when it comes to the sharing of technologies for example information technologies companies who share technologies do have bett er coordination. In matrix structure the governance is usually decentralized and this allows effective and fast decision making. This usually saves time because the consultation of each sector is put into consideration without the bureaucratic process which undermines other decisions. This structure usually allows access to skills and perspectives which are diversified because of its nature we have seen that when it comes to management and governance it usually considers many sectors such as geography technology and functions. Because of its diversification it usually improves projects which are regional and also global projects. This usually enhances the success of the business due to diversification of its resources. People who are usually concerned in those businesses which have adopted matrix structure they usually develop in skills which are broaden due to a great exposure which matrix structure gives. Matrix structure engages in decentralization of its governance this usually is very effective when it comes to communication and coordination of the business activities. Matrix structure enhances a holistic outlook upon its customers whether regional or global it makes sure that their needs are met. It also enables adaptation and responses which are instant to the complexity of the world because of the skills its participant has. Disadvantages of matrix structures Due to it decentralized nature sometimes it might be difficult to follow up the teams and their operations because decision making is independent of the sector. This form of independence may jeopardize the whole system most likely if there is a poor transition from one sector to the next. Due to creation of many project teams this also gives the need to increase numbers of managers to lead those projects which consequently leads to increase in costs. When it comes to allocation of resources and there is difference in policies between the line manage and project manages this may bring delay and c onflict to a particular international business when allocation of resources id urgent. It is also hand to reach into final decision because of number of managers involved (Joshi, 2009). If we compare with line management here we usually have double number of managers which makes decision making to delay. Sometimes it’s regarded as an outdated method to organize a company because the top most sectors may not be aware of the activities happening in regional sectors and this may compromise the success because it lacks that chain of command which in some cases scrutinizes every sector of the international business. When there is conflicting loyalties this brings about the confusion amongst the employees they do not know which policies to follow or the guiding principals in the business this can lead to failure of the business. Conclusion It’s evident that we cannot survive without international business, many companies which are universal do usually have better terms than those which are domestic in nature as indicated above there is issue of economies of scale this assist the business itself and the consumer because goods manufactured at bulk will cost less compared to goods which are produced in small quantities, this is also reflected to prices of the goods and services to the consumers since the business produces more with less they will also reduce the cost (Joshi, 2009). When it comes to management we have seen that in matrix structure there is decentralization this enable the policies which are set to favor the local because the managers on the ground have got the actual touch of reality as far as need and preferences of that region is concerned.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This also brings about good relations between regions because of universally of the management and governance of the business. On the other hand international markets also do have some negative effects towards a particular region because some of the needs and preferences might be different from what is known from the home company. Due to dynamic nature of society sometimes the international business takes time to catch up and make changes because of bureaucratic process involved. Reference List Joshi, M., 2009. International Business. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Web. Zinzaro, F., 2010. Market Global Structure. Web. This essay on The Management and Governance Structure of International Business was written and submitted by user Ronnie A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sartres Bad Faith

Sartres Bad Faith Everyone Lies Many people have acknowledged that they have to tackle with liars. More so, one of the latest trends of the modern society is the notion popularized by the famous Dr. House: everybody lies. It goes without saying that the essence of lying has been considered by many renowned thinkers.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Sartre’s Bad Faith specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sartre reveals a very interesting facet of lying introducing his idea of bad faith. He also provides precise examples to explain his theory. Obviously, Sartre’s ideas can be applicable in real life as it is possible to find numerous examples even in one’s everyday life. Sartre’s Philosophical Notion According to Sartre lying presupposes complete possession of the truth (48). In other words, the liar knows exactly certain facts and tries to hide them changing them or withholding them. Therefore, deceit is a p rocess which consists of two stages: knowing the truth and withholding it. Sartre calls this pattern the â€Å"ideal† lie (48). However, he also claims that people often deny the truth instead of simply substituting facts. For instance, people may (or may not) know the complete truth, and they do not try to substitute facts to deceive anyone. People’s consciousness often tries to deceive itself. In simple terms, even though people know the truth they tend to forget about it or pay no attention to it focusing on certain desirable points (Sartre 49). Sartre calls this state of negation of the truth the state of bad faith. Thus, when people are in bad faith, they focus on desirable information (though it can be untrue) denying (or simply ignoring) the truth (Sartre 49). This does not mean that people are deliberately cynical and hypocritical. Sometimes they do not notice that they are in bad faith. Sartre mentions that people often feel guilty when they acknowledge that t hey were in bad faith in this or that situation. Interestingly, Sartre also points out that sometimes people try not to acknowledge the truth at all. The philosopher states that psychoanalysis can unveil the truth, but patients often refuse to acknowledge it and even remove themselves from the psychoanalytical treatment (Sartre 52). Admittedly, people try to remain in their comfort zones. Therefore, there can be no surprise that many people lie to themselves, i.e. they are in bad faith.Advertising Looking for case study on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The concept of bad faith can be also explained with the help of such notions as facticity and transcendence. More so, it is possible to claim that these three notions are closely connected. Thus, facticity is the number of external factors that influences people, i.e. it is people’s background. Admittedly, people’s backgrounds do affect thei r perception of the world. Thus, if it had been a norm for hotel receptionists to be impolite and indifferent, the majority of these people would not have pretended to be that careful to details and that attentive to clients. However, there are norms that limit people’s freedom to certain extent. These limits are the necessary background for the development of bad faith in people. As for the concept of transcendence, Sartre also utilizes it. The concept of transcendence helps Sartre to explain people’s attitude towards each other. Sartre introduces the notion of for Sartre claims that it is possible to find many examples of people in bad faith in everyday life. For instance, he provides an example of a woman who is having her first date with a man (Sartre 55). The woman is in bad faith as she tries to focus on desirable points ignoring the truth. Thus, she tries not to think of the major aim of the date, i.e. the necessity to make her decision whether there will be oth er dates with the man. She focuses on having a good time enjoying complements and interesting conversation. The woman tries not to think (she is quite successful in that) that the man is attracted by her body. Instead, the woman tries to think the man is attracted by her personality. More so, Sartre observes the behavior of the woman and assumes that she is eager to postpone the time of decision making ignoring the man’s overt signals. For instance, when the man puts his hand on the woman’s hand, she distracts her attention (and the man’s attention) from her body speaking of some abstract things. Thus, the woman escapes the necessity to vividly accept or refuse the man’s offer, so to speak.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Sartre’s Bad Faith specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Woman Is in Bad Faith Admittedly, in the situation described the woman is in bad faith as she denies the truth focusing on something desirable. Of course, the woman understands possible outcomes of the date, i.e. either this will be the first and the last date or there will be more dates. The woman also understands that the man pays much attention to her physical appearance. Finally, she understands that there can be physical contact with the man in future. However, the woman subconsciously ignores these facts she, undoubtedly, know. She focuses on desirable points. She deceives herself trying to think of the nice conversation they are having, instead of directly responding to the man’s signal (touching the man’s hand or taking her hand away). When the man pays her compliments she tries to think they are addressed to her personal qualities rather than her appearance. Apparently, the woman is not that cynical, but she does not want to leave her comfort zone. The woman’s actions can be regarded as subconscious as she does not act in that way deliberately. Her con sciousness chooses to deceive itself to remain in the comfort zone. This state is what Sartre calls bad faith. It is important to note that the example is a bright illustration of Sartre’s concept of bad faith which is explained as the extreme freedom of choice. Thus, Sartre claims that people are always free to choose. Of course, there are certain limits. However, people (or rather people’s consciousness and subconsciousness) still have options. It is up to an individual to decide. Bad faith is one of the manifestations of this freedom. Thus, people know the truth but make their choice and deceit others and themselves. This is the choice people are ‘doomed’ to make. This is the kind of freedom people enjoy. People Live in Bad Faith To sum up, Sartre’s notion of bad faith is manifested in real life settings. People tend to deceive themselves not to leave their comfort zones. Sartre’s theory fits the modern life perfectly. It is also possible to say that it advocates people’s hypocrisy to certain extent. Sartre claims that people often live in bad faith not because they are so cynical, but because this is the very nature of the human being. Sartre, Jean-Paul. Being and Nothingness: A Phenomenological Essay on Ontology. London: Taylor Francis, 1956. Print.Advertising Looking for case study on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Best Medical Schools in the US 2018 - Extended Review †Pro-Academic-Writers.com

Best Medical Schools in the US 2018 - Extended Review Medical education is among the most popular and prestigious areas in the United States. Medical professions are in the top rankings of the most paid specialties; training takes a long time and requires serious preliminary efforts and large investments. The standards of American medicine are recognized around the world. No surprise that many people in the USA dream to become a medical worker and become a part of the US medical sector. Do you want to engage in medicine; aim at graduating from the best medical schools? Click to read a review of the best medical schools in the US 2018, Chapel Hill and Ann Arbor, and all the nuances of studying in the United States. Harvard Medical School Average cost of the year of study: $ 55'850 It is among the best medical schools in the US 2018; over 19% of all medical workers in the country study here. It is known to produce qualified specialists that are in demand on the market. Being one of the most famed medical schools in the state, Harvard has quite tough entry requirements. The MCAT result should be no lower than 37 out of 45 points; GPA score should be about 3.93 out of 4 points, no less. Stanford University School of Medicine Average cost of the year of study: $ 52'491 Stanford Medical School is the 2nd largest school in the nation. It has over 460 students, which is less than 12% of all medical workers in the country. The university is known for a solid knowledge base provided to those studying and proficient faculty. Entry requirements in Stanford University School of Medicine are high. One should have MCAT score no lower than 37 and a GPA grade of about 3.85. No surprise that far from everyone enrolls at a school. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Average cost of the year of study: $ 48'750 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine is another top place for people acquiring education in the north of the country. Over 480 students graduate from the Hopkins School of Medicine yearly, which is over 13% in the whole country. This number is impressive. The school is one of top-rated due to the education level and conditions provided to the students. Those studying at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine are practicing in one of the country's best hospitals. Entry requirements here are tough. MCAT is 36 and more; GPA is no less than 3.91 points. Medical School of the University of California, San Francisco Average cost of the year of study: $ 44'996 Medical School of the University of California (San Francisco) is another prestigious place for students. It poses less strict requirements to entrants and provides a solid knowledge base to students.   Entry requirements set by the school are the following. The MCAT is not lower than 36, GPA is 3.85 and higher. Over 650 students enter the medical school of the University of California, which is about 15% of all medical staff in the United States. This high amount can be explained by a well-weighted balance between the education quality and fee. Perelman Medical School Average cost of the year of study: $ 52'210 The Perelman school is a separate part of the University of Pennsylvania. Approximately 653 students yearly graduate from Perelman Medical School. It is about 19% of all medical workers in the US. The entrant must provide MCAT results no lower than 38 and GPA of around 3.88 to enter the school. Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) Average cost of the year of study: $ 25'000 IUPUI was formed due to the merge of two leading Indiana universities and today trains over 30,000 students. A distinctive feature of the university is an extensive number of educational programs, which are offered on the basis of seventeen schools, and extensive scholarship opportunities. Among the taught disciplines are the School of Health, the School of Dentistry, and Rehabilitation, the School of Medicine, and the Nursing School. IUPUI is in the rating of the best universities with the best teaching at the bachelor's level. The university's programs in nursing are in the Top 25 US courses in this area. On the basis of the university schools, you can get specialization in almost any medical discipline, whether Anesthesia, Biochemistry, Molecular Genetics, Psychiatry, Urology, Gynecology, Surgery and much more. Students get full access to practical studies as well as research activities. In total, IUPUI attracts more than $ 336 million of investment for research, grants, and awards. Saint Louis University, Washington Average cost of the year of study: $ 20'000 St. Louis University (Washington) is a medium-sized school that trains 13,000 people. It has two campuses, in the US Missouri and Spanish Madrid. For almost 200 years, this university offers students a large selection of training courses, comprehensive support, and accommodation in an equipped campus. The University includes the Educational Dental Center, the Center for Ethics and Health, the College of Medical Sciences, the School of Medicine, and the Nursing School. Here, you can study Endocrinology, Dermatology, Pediatrics, Anesthesiology, Surgery, Plastic Surgery,   Neurology, and much more. In the course of training, it is necessary to undergo clinical practice and engage in research. University of Utah Average cost of the year of study is $ 22'500 The University of Utah is a major university in Salt Lake City that trains around 30,000 people. The school belongs to the most famous universities of the world and is famous for its quality teaching, various scholarship programs, organization of active leisure for students, and placement of students in a modern campus. The university's medical school educated most practicing doctors of Utah, and its graduates work throughout America and around the world. The school offers a variety of programs in different fields of medicine and health. It conducts research in genetics, cancer treatment, biomedicine, and modern technical medical developments. Popular specializations include Psychiatry, Family Medicine, Oncology, Pediatrics, Biochemistry, Dermatology, etc. The school boasts a College of Health and a Nursing College, on the basis of which you can get professional qualifications. How Long Is Medical School Education? Wondering how long is medical school in the USA? Acquiring medical education in the country takes about eleven-sixteen years. One has to study in an undergraduate school for four years; the next four years are in a direct school, and about eight years are to acquire the secondary specialization in a particular field. It is important to obtain all the necessary licenses and undergo constant professional development to comply with all legal regulations and news in the country. The process of obtaining a doctor's qualification in the US is as follows: Baccalaureate with a bias in biology and chemistry – 4 years. The preparatory program (pre-med) is an optional step. Passing the MCAT exam. Medical school (English Medical school) – 4 years (theoretical training - 2 years and clinical practice - 2 years). Residency – from 3 to 8 years (specialization matters). The shortest programs are for family medicine; the longest ones are for neurosurgery. Residency for general surgery takes 5 years. Specialized practice – takes 1-2 years and often includes elements of research work. The student has time to practice together with training in residency. It is an indispensable condition for a number of medical specialties. Professional certification, which includes exams for the chosen specialization. Best Medical Schools – Entering Requirements In the higher medical school, the US student spends four years. First 24 months pass in the school classrooms and are exclusively theatrical. Apart from the theoretical part, students are supposed to be involved in practical classes on Anatomy, Biochemistry, Physiology, Medical Care, etc. Clinical practice is scheduled to begin in the third year of training. The fourth year takes place in the hospital in one of the departments of Surgery, Therapy, Pediatrics, etc. Duration of residency differs depending on the specialty. By the end of the training, the graduate receives general education in the specialties Surgery, Therapy, Gynecology, etc. First Aid – 3-4 years Family practice – 3 years Pediatrics – 3 years Gynecology – 4 years Psychiatry – 4 years General surgery – 5 years Specialized surgery, plastic surgery – 5-6 years (depending on specialization) Urology – 5 years At the end of the residency, each student has the opportunity to take an exam in the specialty data (Board certification). The successful passing of such an examination provides one with certification by the American Association of Physicians in the chosen specialty. It is not necessary to take this exam; almost everyone is handed over to it. The availability of the certificate increases the prestige and helps in the further employment. Least Competitive Medical Schools On admission, those residing in the state are in preference; after graduation, they will be able to work on site. They even get a â€Å"place† in a hospital reserved for them. The high score got in high school and during the study in baccalaureate is important. The general requirements of best medical schools for applicants are as follows: Bachelor's degree with compulsory study of biology and chemistry. Some schools require the availability of hours for English, mathematics, and natural sciences. Good MCAT results – a mandatory test for admission to  medical schools in the United States. If necessary, the results of other standard tests are required. English language knowledge test results – TOEFL, IELTS, or any other. The entrant should carefully read the requirements of the school and other relevant information, which may differ from the standards. Some additional tests, examinations, and interviews may be required. In our report below, check the best medical schools and their entering requirements; find the least competitive medical schools here. College MCAT GPA TOEFL IELTS Harvard University 518 3.92 103 7.5 Johns Hopkins University 519 3.92 110 7.0 Stanford University 518 3.89 100 7.0 University of California, San Francisco 508 3.79 100 7.5 The Cornell University (Weill) 519 3.87 100 7.0 University of Virginia 519 3.9 100 7.0 The school admission committee evaluates such parameters as communication skills, computer literacy, and experience of volunteer work related to helping people or animals. References from school teachers are included in the standard set of documents for admission. Final Say! Medical school education in the USA is known for its high quality, and the standards of American medicine are well-known around the world. Those who have American diploma can successfully find employment not only in the US but in other countries. To enter American universities, it is not needed to pass the entrance exams. The selection of students is based on the results of tests, previous assessments, motivation letters, and other application documents. When submitting documents, it is necessary to take into account that education in the USA is exclusively paid. It is necessary to be very selective when choosing a school. Choose one of the best medical schools in the US 2018 right now!

Phil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Phil - Essay Example He advised the youth to be super historical and unhistorical. Additionally, he emphasized that the condition of being both upper historical and unhistorical usually allows the youth to develop a stable character in terms of religion and art (Nietzsche 60). As the youths avoid basing their lives on the past events, they will overcome a condition referred to as historical malady. This is an important process because it helps youths uphold their culture in the society. Advantages and shortcomings of history to life According to Nietzsche, every person is usually part of the task of existence. It is clear that for existence to occur, human beings need to have knowledge and truth about their past (Nietzsche 1). He still insists that without history, people will lack humanity because narrations constitute the record of self-production. History is important because retaining the culture in a society, as well as, ensuring that young generation acquires useful values such as respect and hones t is fundamental. According to Nietzsche, the historical sense stifles or limits the human creativity by ruining the people’s identity and their meaning in the society. During the process of finding truth and knowledge about the past, deadly facts are sometimes gathered. This is likely to ruin the lives of people (Nietzsche 1). As Nietzsche put it, some of the activities involved in the process of gathering knowledge are usually perverted. This is attributable to the supposition that facts obtained are not applicable in any activity that is likely to change the lives of people (Nietzsche 2). Nietzsche criticizes history because it does not promote life, but employs deadly practices. Effects of excess history Excess history refers to a process that allows an individual to gain knowledge about the past without any intention of applying it. The excess history results in a condition called modern pseudo-culture where historical knowledge is not put to any particular use. After we akening personality, this condition usually turns resourceful people into actors in the society. The excess history depletes the instincts of people limiting them from attaining a certain level of growth or maturity. Nietzsche suggests that in order to increase the capacity for growth in future, it is necessary to emphasize on the past, and connection between the present and the past. This move will tend to direct the society on the best use of the history knowledge that serves life. History should be instrumental in the growth of modernity (Nietzsche 12). Question 2 The Response of Modern Philosophy to the Genesis Account of Human life Using the outline of The Book of Genesis, Kant developed speculations about the beginning of the human history. According to Genesis 4:2, man is said to have been feeding on roots before taming animals or engaging in agricultural activities. Kant points out the slow transition of man from being a hunter to taming animals and engaging in agricultural activities. The beginning of the strife separated people according to their different ways of life. Consequently, people moved to different parts of the world. Some people engaged in farming activities that was characterized by the challenges of unpredictable weather conditions; while others still engaged in hunting because of the availability of extensive grazing land. Since the agricultural activities required the farmers to settle in specific locations, they needed to protect their cultivated land and themselves from